Description
- 1. Inverter Operation
- 12V DC to AC Conversion: The board manages the power switching (using MOSFETs or IGBTs) to convert the \mathbf{12V} DC power from the connected battery into \mathbf{230V} AC power for household appliances during a power outage.
- Waveform Generation: It contains the circuitry (often a microprocessor-based design) to generate the output waveform, which is typically a Pure Sine Wave or a Square Wave/Modified Sine Wave. Pure Sine Wave is preferred as it is safer for sensitive electronics.
- 2. Battery Management
- Intelligent Charging: Features multi-stage charging to protect the battery, which can include:
- Low Voltage Fast Charging (LVFC): Ensures the battery starts charging even when the main input voltage is low (e.g., as low as 95V or 100V).
- Adaptive Battery Charging Control (ABCC): Optimizes the charging current and voltage based on the battery type and state, extending battery life.
- Battery Type Selector: Contains a switch or jumper to select the type of battery being used (Tubular, Flat Plate, SMF), allowing the PCB to apply the correct charging profile.
- Input Voltage Modes: Allows selection between UPS Mode (Narrow Voltage Range, e.g., 180V – 260V) for protecting sensitive appliances and ECO Mode (Wide Voltage Range, e.g., 85V – 290V) to reduce battery usage when the mains voltage is available but fluctuating.
- 3. Protection and Indication
- Protective Circuits: The PCB integrates multiple protection features to safeguard the inverter and connected appliances, including:
- Overload Protection
- Short Circuit Protection
- Battery Deep Discharge Protection
- Over-temperature Protection (Smart Thermal Management)
- Visual Indicators/Alarms: It features connections for LED indicators and alarms (beepers) to provide user feedback on the inverter’s status:
- Mains On
- Battery Charging
- Inverter/HUPS On
- Low Battery
- Overload
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